likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as "Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am. "Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关)between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice:"Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity. . . Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity".

1. People volunteer mainly out of　　　.

　　A. academic requirements B. social expectations

　　C. financial rewards D. internal needs

2. What can we learn from the Florida study?

　　A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.

　　B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.

　　C. Strategy training is a must in research.

　　D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.

3. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?

　　A. Individual differences in role identity.

　　B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.

　　C. Role identity as a volunteer.

　　D. Practical advice from researchers.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

　　A. How to Get People to Volunteer

　　B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors

　　C. How to Keep Volunteers' Interest

　　D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities

El Niño, a Spanish term for "the Christ child", was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over