With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe，the Manchester­born physiologist developed IVF-leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby.Dr Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility treatment and given hope to millions of couples.

　　It was a scientific breakthrough that transformed the lives of millions of couples.They said，"His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility，a disease which makes human unable to have a baby.This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind including more than 10% of all couples worldwide."

　　Louise Brown，the world's first test tube baby，made international headlines when she was born in Oldham，Manchester，in 1978 to parents Lesley and John who had been fruitlessly trying for a baby since 1969.

　　IVF­in­vitro fertilization is the process whereby egg cells are fertilized outside the body before being implanted in the womb.After a cycle of IVF，the probability of a couple with infertility problems having a baby is one in five-the same as healthy couples who conceive naturally.

　　Professor Edwards，who has five daughters and 11 grandchildren，began his research at Cambridge University in 1963，after receiving his PhD in 1955.He once said，"The most important thing in life is having a child.Nothing is more special than a child." With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe，Prof Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridge shire，which now treats more than 900 women a year.Each year，more than 30,000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11,000 babies are born as a result of the treatment.

　　But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was "unethical and immoral".

　　Martin Johnson，professor of reproductive sciences at the University of Cambridge，said the award was "long overdue".He said，"We couldn't understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted-this is the cherry on the cake for him."

　　Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was "thrilled and delighted".

1.What is Robert Edwards' contribution to science?

A.Enabling millions of couples to live a better life.

B.Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing.

C.Helping couples with infertility to have tube babies.

D.Challenging a disease which stops human having a baby.

2.What does the underlined word "afflicting" (Paragraph 4) most probably refer to?

A.Troubling. B.Developing.

C.Improving. D.Confusing.

3.Why did Professor Edwards begin his research on tube baby?

A.Because he thought it was of great significance to have a child in life.