you apply direct pressure.

Know the pressure points. If direct pressure and elevation don't sufficiently slow the bloodflow, find a pressure point. Large arteries(动脉) found close to the skin's surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases（皱纹） above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your finger.

Resort to a tourniquet（止雪带，压脉器）.On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet ONLY if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical personal will know how long it has been in place.

13. According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should _____.

A. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press it

B. spread some salve (药膏) on the wound

C. pressed the wound firmly with your finger

D. place a clean bandage over the wound

14. If the blood soak through the cloth, you should _____.

A. change a clean one immediately

B. wash the wound at once

C. press the wound firmly with your hand

D. cover that one with another one and press it

15. According to the passage, we know that _____.

A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleeding

B. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg

C. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleeding

D. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the crease above the upper legs

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

Shortness of breath has many different causes，and the treatment of it is specific for each cause． 16 There are，however，some following first aid steps you can use to treat it，at least until the ambulance