level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.

　　Burt's Bee's then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he'd send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He'd interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company's values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang's emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.

　　The outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly every level-productivity, creativity, involvement-improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. "Once I get a promotion, I'll be happy," they think. Or, "Once I hit my sales target, I'll feel great." But because success is a moving target-as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again-the happiness that results from success doesn't last long.

　　In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the "happiness advantage"-every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I'm not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.

　　Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one's general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress-all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.

　　　　　　　　"Happiness Advantage" Effect 　　

Leaders tend to (1)_________ their assistants too often. Such a management style may result in greater (2)_____ and less productivity in the assistants. 　　

A usual approach to management 　　

John Wolfgang was (3)_______ of his assistants' feelings. The managers remained (4)_______ to the company.