Many Native Americans today live on reservations，but in generations past，they spanned (横跨) the continent and their lifestyles and traditions varied from tribe to tribe as they do today.Some Native Americans survived by hunting and gathering and lived in tents，while others lived in complex longhouses and had a very organized and complex political system.Before white settlers came to the continent，Native American life was free of European influences，and Native Americans lived simply off the land.They were not yet familiar with the serious diseases that would later take many lives，as Europeans brought smallpox against which Native American populations lacked resistance.

　　Although there was often cooperation between tribes regarding farming and trade，other tribes were continuously at war with each other，such as the Algonquin and the Iroquois.However，the Iroquois would often incorporate (合并) conquered tribes into their sophisticated political system and thus enlarge their nation.Many of these tribes and rivalries were exploited when white settlers landed on the continent，and some tribes were pitted (使争斗) against others to serve the colonists' designs.

　　Native American life also included a unique view of spirituality and health.The American Indians knew what we are discovering today-the mind and the spirit play a critical role in physical illness and healing (康复)．Native American life was also characterized by love of nature，and today's concern about conservation and environmentalism is inspired by views which were and still are the marks of Native American life.

　　语篇解读　本文介绍了美国土著印第安人生活方式的变迁，以及他们对健康和自然的理念。

　　1．What are Native Americans proud of?

　　A．The land. B．Nature.

　　C．Their own roots. D．Their independence.

　　解析：　细节理解题。 由第一段"...Native American life is ideally filled with pride for one's roots and love of nature"可知，美国印第安人对自己的部落、对自己的根充满了自豪感。

　　答案：　C

　　2．What can we infer from the third paragraph?

　　A．Native Americans didn't trust Europeans.

　　B．Europeans helped Native Americans much.

　　C．Native Americans and Europeans lived in peace.

　　D．Native Americans were taken advantage of by Europeans.

解析：　推理判断题。分析文章第三段最后一句可知，欧洲人利用印第安人之间的矛盾来实现自己殖民的目的。