In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style" can help keep away from the common cold and other illnesses.

　　"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may experience their illness as less severe."

　　Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional quality itself had the effect.

　　For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality qualities, physical health and "emotional style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.

　　Afterwards, the researchers gave them nose drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus that causes flu-like symptoms. Over the next six days the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had. Cohen and his colleagues found that happy people were less likely to develop a cold. What's more, when happy folks did develop a cold, their symptoms were less severe than they would be expected based on objective measures.

　　In contrast, people with negative characters were not at increased risk of developing a cold based on objective measures, though they did tend to get down about their symptoms.

　　"We find that it's really positive emotions that have the big effect", Cohen said, "not the negative ones."

　　So can a bad-tempered person fight a cold by deciding to be happy?

9. The purpose of Cohen's new study was to _______________.

　A. find effective ways to fight illnesses

　B. test people's different immune responses to cold virus

　C. tell differences between happy people and unhappy people

　D. examine whether health was related to emotional styles

10. How did Cohen reach his conclusion?

　A. By comparing the experimental results of different groups.

　B. By asking the volunteers to complete a form.

　C. By collecting data among people with a cold.

　D. By observing the volunteers' symptoms.

11. We can conclude from the text that_______________.

　A. success is the twin of positive spirits

　B. we get more by being more positive

　C. the happier we are, the fewer colds we will suffer

　D. physical health is more important than mental health