五、简便运算
整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律,同样适用于小数乘法。
常见乘法计算(敏感数字) :25×4=100 125×8=1000
加法交换律:
0.75+9.8+0.25
= 0.75+0.25+9.8
= 1+9.8
= 10.8 加法结合律:
48.5+0.4+0.6
=48.5+(0.4+0.6)
=48.5+1
=49.5
乘法交换律:
2.5×5.6×0.4
= 2.5×0.4×5.6
= 1×5.6
= 5.6
乘法结合律:
99×12.5×0.8
= 99×(12.5×0.8)
= 99×10
= 990 加法交换律与结合律:
6.5+0.28+3.5+0.72
=(6.5+3.5)+(0.28+0.72)
=10+1
=11 含乘法交换律与结合律:
2.5×1.25×0.4×0.8
=(2.5×0.4)×(1.25×0.8 )
= 1×1
=1 乘法分配律(提取式):
1.35×12-1.35×2 95.5÷1.6-15.5÷1.6
= 1.35×(12-2) =(95.5-15.5)÷1.6
= 1.35×10 = 80÷1.6
= 13.5 = 50 乘法分配律(添项):
99×25.6+25.6 3.5×8 + 3.5×3-3.5
= 99×25.6+1×25.6 = 3.5×8 + 3.5×3-3.5×1
=(99+1)×25.6 = 3.5×8 + 3.5×3-3.5×1
= 100×25.6 = 3.5×(8 + 3-1)
= 2560 = 3.5×10
= 35
数字换减法式:
99×2.6
= (100-1)×2.6
= 100×2.6-1×2.6
= 2600-2.6
= 2597.4
数字换加法式:
4.5×102
= 4.5×(100+2)
= 4.5×100+4.5×2
= 450+9
= 459
数字换乘法式:
5.6×125
=(0.7×8)×125
= 0.7×(8×125)
= 0.7×1000
= 700