十九、主从复合句
★ 宾语从句
概述
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句的特点
⒈ 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
⒉ 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
⒊ 连接词that 引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。
⒋ whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether 后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
⒌ 如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.
宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that(that 常可省略),whether,if
代词:who,whose,what,which
副词:when,where,how,why等。
⒈ that 引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that 可以省略)
① 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。
如:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意:当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
如:I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.
② 在以下情况中that不能省略
⑴ 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
如:He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that
he was asked not to tell you.