Period Two　Learning about Language

　　直接引语和间接引语(一)

　　当我们用引号引出别人的原话时，被引用部分称为直接引语；当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，我们可以通过口诀来掌握直接引语变间接引语的方法。

　　1．陈述句直接引语变为间接引语的口诀：

　　(1)He said，"I'm going to see a film this afternoon."

　　→He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon.

　　(2)Jack said to me, "I have waited for you for a long time."

　　→Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time.

　　(3)The teacher said to us，"We will have an English party next week."

　　→The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next week.

　　2．直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表

直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 　　【提醒】

　　下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。

　　(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。

　　The teacher told the students，"The earth goes around the sun"

　　→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.

　　(2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。

　　The girl said，"I was born in Hong Kong in 1990."

　　→The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990.

　　(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。

　　The old gentleman often says，"Time is life."

　　→The old genteman often says that time is life.

　　3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表

直接引语 间接引语 this 这 that 那 these 这些 those 那些 now 现在 then 那时，当时 today 今天 that day 那天 yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天 tomorrow 明天 the next (following)day第二天