难句·剖析·拓展

Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road?

当你看见有人踩上香蕉皮滑倒,或看到有人在拐角处撞到另一个人身上,或看到有人掉进路中的一个洞里时,你会觉得滑稽可笑吗？

【剖析】 这是一个一般疑问句。其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语 to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road。不定式短语中的sliding...,bumping...,falling...都是动词的-ing形式,用作宾语补足语。

【拓展】 see sb.doing sth."看见某人做某事"。在一些表示感官和心理状态的动词,如see,notice,hear,find等后面,通常用动词的-ing 形式或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。动词的-ing 形式常表示动作正在进行。

He played a poor and homeless person,who wore large trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick.

他扮演了一个身无分文、无家可归的人,穿一条肥大的裤子、一双破烂的鞋子,戴一顶小而圆的黑帽,手拿一根拐杖。

【剖析】 1)这是一个含有非限制性定语从句who wore large trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick的复合句,先行词是person。

2)walking在此作定语,修饰stick,表示stick的用途。

【拓展】 1)非限制性定语从句的明显标志是其前面的标点","。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句那样紧密,去掉后前面句子的意思仍旧完整。

2)动词-ing形式作定语时,动名词表示所修饰词的用途,而现在分词表示所修饰词的特点、性质或动作。

3)如何区分现在分词和动名词作定语:

用for带入原含有v.-ing形式的词组中,如果意思通顺,则该v.-ing形式为动名词。例如:a dancing hall→a hall for dancing(hall供跳舞的)

另外,也可以采用转换定语从句法加以验证。一般说来能转换成合理的定语从句的v.-ing即为现在分词。如a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping.

This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.

这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者,但是所有观众喜爱这个角色,因为他有战胜困难的决心并能善待不善待他的人。

【剖析】 1)这是一个由but 连接的表示转折关系的并列句。在第二个分句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句和一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

2)第二个分句中by短语和for短语都可看成是谓语动词be loved的搭配,分别交代了他被谁爱戴以及为什么被爱戴。其中,for的宾语是his determination in overcoming difficulties 和 being kind even when people were unkind to him的并列。

【拓展】 all who watched the films for his determination...可以改写为:all the people watching the films for his determination...

He makes it seem as if it were one of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.

他把吃皮鞋的情景表演得像是他吃过的最香的一顿饭。

【剖析】1)句中as if引导的从句作表语从句,意为"仿佛;好像",用了虚拟语气。

2)that he has ever enjoyed是定语从句,修饰meals。在这个句子中,因为meals被最高级the most delicious 修饰,所以只能用that,不能用which。