Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language

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　　Peru

　　Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of① South America. It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt; the Andes Mountains② running parallel③ to the coast; and high, flat plains in the southeast. In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca④， the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel⑤. Peru has abundant⑥ plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.

　　Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire⑦， much of South America was governed⑧ by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards⑨. Peru finally gained its independence⑩ from Spain in 1821. The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on the coast⑪. The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco, is found high in the Andes. It is a popular tourist destination⑫as it is close to the famous Inca ruins⑬ of the city of Machu Picchu⑭. Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns⑮， where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen⑯.

　　1．Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?

　　2．What is special about Lake Titicaca?

　　3．What do you think the two official languages of Peru are？

①on the coast of 在......的海岸线上

②the Andes /'ændiːz/ Mountains安第斯山脉

③parallel /'pærəlel/ adj.平行的；相同的；类似的

④Lake Titicaca /ˌtItI'kɑːkɑː/ 的的喀喀湖

⑤In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca是倒装句。还原后是Lake Titicaca is in the high plains area。 the highest lake in the world是Lake Titicaca的同位语，on which引导非限制性定语从句。

⑥abundant /ə'bʌndənt/ adj.丰富的；充裕的

⑦Inca /'Iŋkə/ Empire印加帝国

⑧govern /'ɡʌvn/ vt. & vi.统治；支配；管理

⑨onwards /'ɒnwədz/ adv.向前地；前进地

⑩gain one's independence 获得独立

⑪which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Lima。

⑫destination /'destI'neIʃn/ n．目的地

⑬ruin n．废墟；崩溃；垮掉 v．毁坏，断送

⑭Machu Picchu /ˌmɑːtʃuː'piːktʃuː/马丘比丘(秘鲁)

⑮inn /In/ n．客栈

⑯where both Indian and Spanish ...是非限制性定语从句，定语从句与先行词隔开，该定语从句叫分隔式定语从句。