Unit 12 culture shock communication workshop学案

GRAMMAR

动词-ing形式（二）

　　前面我们学习了动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，作主语、表语、定语和宾语的用法，本期我们将学习动词-ing形式在句中起形容词或副词作用，作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。

一、动词-ing形式作定语

★单个的动词-ing形式作定语常位于被修饰名词的前面，表示被修饰名词的动作或状态。如：

There is growing concern about climate change.

We heard the crash of falling trees.

★动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：

A little child learning to walk (= who / that is learning to walk) often falls.

Her sons, both working abroad (= who both work / are both working abroad), ring her every week.

★动词-ing形式的被动式（being done）也可作定语，表示正在发生的被动动作。如：

The building being built is our library.

二、动词-ing形式作状语

★动词-ing形式作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、方式、让步或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如：

Walking along the street one day, Jane saw a little girl running up to her.

You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet.

Being a hard-working young man, he is praised by all his fellow workers.

It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.

He came running all the way to tell us the news.

Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage.　　

The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand.

★动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：

Having eaten too much, he couldn't go to sleep that night.

Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it.

★动词-ing形式作状语，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成"连词+动词-ing形式"结构。如：

John hurt his leg while playing football.

The woman stopped for a while as if waiting for a reply.

三、动词-ing形式作表语，相当于形容词，多指主语的性质。如：

The news looks quite encouraging.

Travelling is interesting but tiring.