二、名词和主谓一致

I. 名词的种类

专有名词 普通名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 特别注意名词类别的相互转换

个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换

例 句 意 义 名词性质 ①She held some flowers in her hand.

②The trees are now in flower 花儿 个体名词 开花 抽象名词 ①Youth is beautiful.

②He is a youth of twenty 青春 抽象名词 年轻人 个体名词 ①They have achieved remarkable success in their work.

②-How about the Christmas evening party?

-I should say it was a success. 成功 抽象名词 成功的事 个体名词 物质名词与个体名词的相互转换

例 句 意 义 名词性质 ①Iron is a kind of metal.

②Please lend me your iron. 铁 物质名词 熨斗 个体名词 ①He broke a piece of glass.

②He broke a glass. 玻璃 物质名词 玻璃杯 个体名词 ①I bought a chicken this morning

②Please help yourself to some chicken 小鸡 个体名词 鸡肉 物质名词 抽象名词与个体名词的转换

具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连

用，表示某一次短暂的动作 ①-I'd like______information about the management of your hotel,please.

　-Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful

　A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a

②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）

　A.a B.an C./ D.the

③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）

　A.a B.an C./ D.the

类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look

　　　take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)

　　　/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try