语法·剖析
被动语态
英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语用主动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者,谓语要用被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。
时态
各种时态形式 例句 一般现在时:is/am/are done The TV set is repaired by my brother.这个电视机被我弟弟修好了。 一般过去时:was/were done The TV set was repaired last week.
这个电视机上星期修好了。 一般将来时:will be done The TV set will be repaired next week.
这个电视机下星期会修好。 现在进行时:is/are being done The TV set is being repaired now.
这个电视机正在被修理。 现在完成时:has/have been done The TV set has been repaired already.这个电视机已经修好了。 过去进行时:was/were being done The TV set was being repaired yesterday evening.
昨晚在修理这个电视机。 过去完成时:has/have been done He told me that the TV set had been repaired.
他告诉我这个电视机修好了。 过去将来时:would be done He promised that the TV set would be repaired the next day.
他许诺第二天修好电视机。 续表
具体用法 各种时态形式 例句 不清楚谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。 His bike was stolen.
他的自行车被偷了。 没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。 When was the Pyramid built?这个金字塔是什么时候建造的? 强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态,可用by+动作执行者来表示。 Beijing is visited by millions of tourist severy year.
每年有几百万的游客游览北京。 要注意的问题 有些动词后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中不定式必须带to。 The earth must be made to support more people.(被动语态)
必须想办法使地球养活更多的人口。 动词短语要保留词组末的介词或副词。 The doctor was sent for immediately.
医生被立即派出。 部分不及物动词在主动语态中和程度副词连用时常表示被动意义。例如动词:sell, write, wash等。 This magazine sells well.
这种杂志销路很好。
This pen writes smoothly.
这枝钢笔很好写。
This cloth washes well.
这种布很耐洗。
This material wears long.
这种料子很耐穿。