Unit 3 Life in the future Grammar学案
Grammar: 过去分词作状语和定语
Ⅰ.状语
过去分词作状语,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,且与主语之间构成逻辑上的"动宾关系"或在逻辑上构成"系表结构"。过去分词短语在句中担任条件状语,原因状语以及时间状语时,通常放在句首;担任伴随状语或结果状语时,通常放在句末;担任方式状语时,一般位于句末,有时也可位于句首;担任让步状语时,一般位于句首,有时也可位于句末。
一、过去分词担任状语时的语法功能
1. 原因状语
☞Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。
☞Frightened by the noise in the night,the girl didn't dare sleep in her room.
被夜晚的响声惊吓,那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。
2. 时间状语
☞Asked why he did it,the monitor said it was his duty.当被问及为何要做这件事时,班长说这是他的职责。
☞Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless.在黑暗走近时,那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
3. 条件状语和假设状语
☞Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。
☞Given better attention,the accident could have been avoided.要是多加注意,那次事故就可以避免了。
4. 方式或伴随状语
☞Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在学生们的簇拥下,兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
☞He stood there silently,moved to tears.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。
5. 让步状语
☞Beaten by the police,sent to jail,Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance.
尽管受警察的殴打,被投入监牢,甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。