【名师指导】2018-2019学年译林版高二英语选修8学案:Unit2 SectionⅢ Word版含解析
【名师指导】2018-2019学年译林版高二英语选修8学案:Unit2 SectionⅢ Word版含解析第1页

Unit 2 The universal language

Part Ⅲ Grammar

  

省略

  为了使语言简洁或避免重复,要省略句子的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称为省略。

  省略常见情形:

  1.在由and连接的句子中,常省略一些重复的词或词组

  (1)省略共同的主语或宾语。

  Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith)handed it to a policeman.

  史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币,并把它交给了警察。

  (2)若主语不同而谓语部分的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。

  Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.

  杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽在写作业。

  (3)若主语与谓语动词都相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。

  His advice made me happy,but(his advice made)Jim very angry.

  他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆很生气。

  (4)若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。

  I was born in 1998 and Bob(was born) in 1989.

  我出生于1998年,鲍勃是1989年。

  (5)省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。

  He was late because he had overslept and (because he had)missed the train.

  他迟到了,因为睡过了头误了火车。

  2.状语从句中的省略

  (1)在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if/though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中,若谓语动词是be,而且主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时,则从句中主语和be常被省略。

  His opinion,whether(it is) right or wrong,will be considered.

  他的意见,无论对错,都要考虑。

  Errors,if(there are)any, should be corrected.

  如果有什么错误,就应当改正。

  (2)在as,than,however,whatever,no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。

  After two hours she became quieter(than she had been).

  两个小时后,她安静多了。

  (3)虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前,构成部分倒装。

  Should there be a flood(=If there should be a flood),what should we do?

  如果发生了洪水我们该怎么办?

  Had he taken my advice(=If he had taken my advice),he would be a college student now.

  如果他早接受我的建议,他现在就是一名大学生了。

  (4)有些状语从句置于句末,也可省略,有时可省略整个从句。

  I would have come yesterday(if I had wanted to).

  我昨天本来可以来的(如果我想来的话)。

  3.定语从句与名词性从句中的省略

  (3)在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中,应用虚拟语气形式"should+动词原形",should可以省略。

  It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.

有人建议我们去看电影。