情态动词和虚拟语气

1.(2011全国卷,32)

They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

A.will B.can C.must D.should

答案 D

解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为"他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。"will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过......吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。

2.(2011全国卷II,8)

If you ______ smoke, please go outside.

A. can B. should C. must D. may

答案 C

解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意为"如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。"must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。

3.（2011北京卷,24）

--I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

--Don't worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not

答案 D

解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意为"--我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？--别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。"题干中的he wasn't certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。

4.（2011北京卷,28）

--Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

--I wish they ______ always late.

A. weren't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been

答案 A

解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为"--孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。--我但愿他们不要老是迟到。"wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。

选A。

5.（2011北京卷,30）

Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

答案 C

解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为"或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。"then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。

6.（2011天津卷,15）

I ______ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come

答案 D

解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为"我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。"but I didn't know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。

7.（2011上海春招,27）