四、语法详解

强调结构

在现代英语中，人们可以通过语音手段、词汇手段、语法手段来进行强调。

（1）语音手段

在口语中，人们可以根据交流的需要，通过语句重音来对不同的词语进行强调。例如：He speaks English well.这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调。

（2）词汇手段

人们常用一些形容词、副词、否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。如：

At that very moment the policemen came.

就在那时警察到了。

Grace is tall,but Catherine is still taller.

格雷斯个子很高，但是凯瑟琳个子更高。

The president himself will chare the meeting.

总统将亲自主持这个会议。

（3）语法手段

①用It is/was...that/who句型表示强调。被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、宾语、状语或宾语补足语）放在is/was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who,whom代替。

He met an old friend in the park yesterday.

他昨天在公园碰见一个老朋友。

上述句子可以通过强调句型对除谓语以外的不同成分进行强调。如：

It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.（强调主语）

It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)

It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（强调地点状语）

It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.（强调时间状语）

②用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词。如：

Do come early.一定早点来。

He did send you a letter last week.

他上周确实给你寄过一封信。

强调结构需要注意的几个问题：

①It is/was...that...强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把"It is(was)...that"去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。区分下列两句：

It was 7 o'clock when he came back.

他回来时7点钟了。（it指时间）

It was at 7 o'clock that he came back.

他是7点钟回来的。（强调句，强调at 7 o'clock)

②It is/was...that...强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since、as或why引导。例如：

It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.

正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。（不用because或since）

③注意"not...until"强调句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：

She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.

她没有想起与医生的约会，直到回家以后。

It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

就是直到他回家之后，她才想起与医生的约会。