课 题 Grammar & usage M6U3 Understanding each other 课 型 语法讲练 授课时间 第__ 周 星期 ___ 第_____节 本节（课）三维目标与教学重难点 知识与技能 1. Enable students to use unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time;

2. Improve students' reading abilities and the ability of using unreal conditionals; 过程与方法 Generalization, explanation and practice. 情感态度与价值观 To inspire students' grammatical awareness while using language 教学重点 Enable students to use unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time. 教学难点 Improve students' reading abilities and thinking ability and the ability of using unreal conditionals. 虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(1) 陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

e.g. Beijing is the capital of China.

What a clever boy he is!

(2) 祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

　　e.g. Make yourself at home.

　　Don't be late for school.

(3) 虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

e.g. If I were you, I should study English.

May you succeed! 祝您成功！

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。e.g. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

　　如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.

如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

　　　　　　　　　虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

从句 主句 与现在事实相反 If+主语+动词过去式 (be用were) S+would / could / might / should +do 与过去事实相反 If+主语+过去完成式(had +done) S+would / could / might / should +have +done 与将来事实相反 1）If+主语+动词过去式 (be用were)

2）If+主语+should + do

3）If+主语+ were to do S+would / could / might / should +do 注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:

If my brother were here, everything would be all right.

　要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。

If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.

If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter would play the piano much better.

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:

If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't / couldn't have failed in the exam.

如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should / would/could/might go to see my grandmother.

如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。

　If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.

　如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

　If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

三、if省略句

在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，把were, had或 should提至句首，构成倒装句，例如：

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

四、含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现If引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

1.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用介词(短语)有:with, without, but for等。

e.g. 1）But for your help (If it hadn't been for your help), I couldn't have done it.

要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。

　　2). Without air, there would be no life on the earth.

　　3).What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)

2. I was ill that day, otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)

3. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）

五、错综虚拟语气（也叫混合时间虚拟语气）

　　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。

1．主句和从句表示的时间不一致

　e.g.1) If you worked hard now, you would get a good job in the future.

　如果你现在努力，将来会有好的工作。（从句说的是现在，主句指的是将来。）

2) If he had not been caught in the rain yesterday, he wouldn't be ill now.

　要是他昨天不淋雨的话，现在就不会生病了。（从句指过去，主句则指现在。）

2．从句用虚拟语气，主句不用虚拟语气。

e.g. If she should come this afternoon, ask her to wait.

Step 4 Practice

教学后记