Grammar and usage

Teaching objects:

1. Learn the usage of verb-ed form and verb-ed phrases

2. Learn the difference and usage of verb-ing and verb-ed as adjectives

Teaching procedures:

Step I Introduction

Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语)

When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause. The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie ... etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.

Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences

1) The handwritten notes are from jack.

2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.

3) A dark-haired man went into the room.

4)The cake was left untouched on the table.

5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶残骸).

Step II the usage of verb-ed form

The functions of verb-ed form

1. attribute(定语)

1)A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.

We should drink boiled water. = We should drink water which has been boiled

They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.

= They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.

2) Generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired