Unit 3 Science and nature 教案
grammar
过去分词
A、过去分词的意义
来自及物动词的过去分词所表示的是被动意义;来自不及物动词的过去分词则表示
主动意义;除了作形容词用的过去分词以外,过去分词结构一般带有完成意义。
1、 表示被动意义和完成意义
如:I heard the door opened.
过去分词结构一般表示被动已完成,就是说,过去分词结构所表示的动作先于句中谓语动词所表示的动作。
如:written in simple English, the book is easy to read.(=the book that has been written.)
He asked for a cup of iced boiled water.(=water that had been boiled and then iced)
2、表示主动意义和完成意义
不及物动词的过去分词不能表示被动意义,只能表示主动的完成意义。可以这样用的不及物动词为数不多。
如:fallen leaves(=leaves that have fallen)
the risen sun (=the sun that has risen)
主要有rise, fall, go, escape, develop, return, retire(退休), grow等。
3、表示状态或被动
如:The library is now closed .
The road was completed .
She seemed quite excited at the news.
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour .
B、过去分词在句中的功能
1、过去分词结构作表语
作表语的过去分词大都来自及物动词,用在SVC句型中,说明主语所处的状态。
如:S + V + C
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着
Don't get excited. 别激动
He seemed quite delighted. 他似乎很高兴
You're quite mistaken. 你全错了
I'm interested in history. 我对历史很感兴趣
能这样用的过去分词常见的有:decided, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk,