Period 4 Grammar (Review of the Passive Voice)

学习目标：1. 扎实复习本模块语法被动语态，提升综合语言运用能力。

　　　　　2. 自主学习，探究共赢；学会分析与总结的方法并学以致用。

　　　　　3. 激情投入，惜时高效，体验进步的快乐。

学习重点：被动语态。

学习难点：被动语态的正确运用。

课前预习

学法指导：1. 借助课本和辅导材料，初步感知被动语态。2. 完成时间15分钟。

教材助读：

被动语态

(一) 语 态 分 类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Mark Twain wrote this book. (主动)

This book was written by Mark Twain.(被动)

He is feeding a dog. (主动)

A dog is being fed by him. (被动)

被动语态结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以do 为例，如下：

一般现在时： am / is / are + done

一般过去时： was / were +done

一般将来时： shall / will + done

一般过去将来时： should / would + done

现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时： was / were + being + done

现在完成时： have / has + been + done

过去完成时： had + been + done

将来完成时： shall / will + have been + done

过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

（三）被动语态考查要点简述

　　被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become +过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。

（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。

　　①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。

　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

　　An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.

　　I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.

　　②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。

　　The boss made him work all day long.

He was made to work all day long(by the boss)