Unit 4　Films and film events

Part Ⅲ　Grammar

强　调

　　在现代英语中，人们可以通过语音手段、词汇手段、语法手段来进行强调。

　　1．语音手段

　　在口语中，人们可以根据交流的需要，通过语句重音来对不同的词语进行强调。例如：He speaks English well.这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调。

　　2．词汇手段

　　人们常用一些形容词、副词、否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。如：

　　At that very moment the policemen came.

　　就在那时警察到了。

　　Grace is tall，but Catherine is still taller.

　　格雷斯个子很高，但是凯瑟琳个子更高。

　　The president himself will chair the meeting.

　　总统将亲自主持这个会议。

　　3．语法手段

　　(1)用It is/was...that句型表示强调。被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、宾语、状语或宾语补足语)放在is/was的后面，如被强调的是人，则that可用who，whom代替。

　　He met an old friend in the park yesterday.

　　他昨天在公园碰见一个老朋友。

　　上述句子可以通过强调句型对除谓语以外的不同成分进行强调。如：

　　It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.(强调主语)

　　It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)

　　It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.(强调地点状语)

　　It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.(强调时间状语)

　　(2)用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词。如：

　　Do come early.一定早点来。

　　He did send you a letter last week.

　　他上周确实给你寄过一封信。

　　强调结构需要注意的几个问题：

　　①It is/was...that...强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把"It is(was)和that"去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。区分下列两句：

　　It was 7 o'clock when he came back.

　　他回来时7点钟了。(it指时间)

　　It was at 7 o'clock that he came back.

　　他是7点钟回来的。(强调句，强调at 7 o'clock)

　　②It is/was...that...强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since，as引导。例如：

　　It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.

　　正是由于水涨了，他们没能渡过河去。(不用as或since)

　　③注意"not...until"强调句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：

　　直到回家以后她才想起与医生的约会。

　　She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.

　　It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

　　Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.

④It is/was...that...强调句型中，that作宾语时可以省略，例如：