二、句型剖析

　　1.it作形式宾语

　　【典型例句】

　　He found it very difficult to stop smoking.

　　他发现很难戒烟。

　　The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding.

　　这位教授认为没有理解的阅读没有好处。

　　I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.

　　我已宣布任何人不允许在这儿吸烟。

　　【要点归纳】

　　不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作宾语时,如果后面带有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。

　　选译

　　(1)I don't think________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

　　A.this　 B.that　 C.its　　 D.it

　　解析:think后接形式宾语it。真正的宾语是后面的"to master a ..."。

　　答案:D

　　(2)He ________ to do morning exercise in the park.

　　A.took a rule B.made a rule

　　C.made it a rule D.took it a rule

　　解析:make it a rule让......成为惯例。it是形式宾语。

　　答案:C

　　2.感官动词+宾语+do/doing/done作宾补

　　【典型例句】

　　I knew him very well.I had seen him grow up from childhood.

　　我对他很熟悉,我是看着他长大的。

　　He was heard to sing the song.

　　听他唱过这首歌。

　　The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.

　　最后看到这些走失的男孩们的时候,他们正在河边玩耍。

　　She was glad to see her children well taken care of.

　　看到她的孩子们被照看得很好,她很高兴。

　　【要点归纳】

　　在感官动词后,用不带to的动词不定式作宾补表示能感知动作的全过程,如果把句子变成被动语态,作主补的不定式要加上to；用现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；用过去分词作宾补表示和宾语是一种被动关系并且动作已完成。这类动词常用的有see,hear,notice,watch,feel,observe,listen to,look at等。

　　【相关链接】

　　使役动词+宾语+do/doing/done作宾补:

have,get,make,leave,keep等使役动词后加动词不定式(有的带to,有的不带to)作宾补表