语法解读
连系动词是一种本身有一定意义、但不能单独作谓语的动词,需要在后面加上表语来组成系表结构。最常见的连系动词是be,其他一些动词在具有特定含义时也可以作连系动词。
常见的连系动词有:be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,turn,get,grow,become。
连系动词共有三种:1.特征和状态:be,look,seem
2.状态变化:become,get,fall
3.状态保持:keep,remain,stay
三种连系动词的差异:
连系动词不能单独充当句子成分,必须和它后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语部分。根据其意义,连系动词的用法不尽相同,但按类型可以分为以下三类:
1.以be为代表的,用来表示主语特征和状态的动词,还有seem,look,appear,prove,sound,
taste,smell,feel。后面跟形容词、分词、介词短语,有的还可以跟名词、不定式或从句来作表语。如:
The food smells inviting.(现在分词)
Don't be excited.(过去分词)
He appeared to be friendly to us.(不定式)
You look pale.What's wrong?(形容词)
Your solution proved (to be) effective.(不定式to be或省略)
His voice sounds like that of a wolf.(介词短语)
The books is of much value.(介词短语)
The meat tastes as if it has gone bad.(表语从句)
It seems that I am to blame for all this.(表语从句)
2.以become为代表的,用来描述主语变化的动词,还有get,come,fall,go,grow,make,run,turn等。后面主要跟形容词或分词作表语。become和turn的后面还可以跟名词作表语。如:
The boy was caught in a heavy rain and fell ill.(形容词)
After graduation,he became a doctor in a middle-size hospital.(名词)
You dream will come true one day.(形容词)
Food goes bad easily in summer.(形容词)
Truth never grows old.(形容词)
They have got accustomed to the life here.(过去分词)
注意:当turn的后面跟可数名词单数形式作表语时,不像其他的连系动词,名词的前面要加不定冠词,turn后面的单数可数名词前不能加不定冠词。
3.以keep为代表的,用来表示主语保持某种特征和状态的动词还有remain,stay,continue等。
keep后面主要跟形容词、副词和介词短语。如:
You must keep calm in an emergency.
Keep away from the fire,children.
We will keep in touch with you.
remain后面主要跟名词、形容词、副词、分词、介词短语和不定式to be。如:
We must always remain modest in spite of what we have achieved.