Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing

　　过去完成时的被动语态、直接引语和间接引语

　　阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法

　　1．By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2，700 had been injured.

　　2．By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.

　　3．Coghlan traveled back to Canada－after he had been buried in Texas!

　　4．She says, "Tom was very kind."

　　→She says that Tom was very kind.

　　5．He asked, "Will you go to the party？"

　　→He asked whether/if I would go to the party.

　　6．She asked me, "When do they have their dinner？"

　　→She asked me when they had their dinner.

　　7．The teacher said, "About 70% of the earth's surface is covered with water."

　　→The teacher said that about 70% of the earth's surface is covered with water.

　　一、过去完成时的被动语态

　　1．构成：had＋been＋过去分词

　　2．用法：

　　(1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。常用于before, after, by the time, when等引导的状语从句中谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by, before, until＋过去的时间点。

　　The project had been completed by the end of 2016.

　　这项工程已于2016年底竣工了。

By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.