Period Three　Grammar & Writing

过去完成时的被动语态

一、构成

had＋been＋过去分词

二、用法

1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"，这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。

The project had been completed by the end of 1990.

这项工程已于1990年底竣工。

The classroom had been cleaned before we came.

我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。

2.表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去，常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。

The sale had been advertised for several weeks.

这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。

Much work had been done since she arrived here.

自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。

3.用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said，told，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。

My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.

我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。

We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.

我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。

即时跟踪1　用所给词的正确形式填空

(1)By the time we finished our work，other workers had left(leave) already.

(2)How long had they known(know) each other before they got married?