[语法初识]

原句感知 自主探究 1.Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady ...

2．But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.

3．Although wounded all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight.

4．Lost in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come.

5．Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital.

6．Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest.

7．He was found lying on the ground, his hands tied. (1)例句2～6中的过去分词分别在句中作条件状语、让步状语、时间状语、原因状语和方式状语。

(2)过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。作状语时，可以单独使用，如例句4～6；也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，如例句1～3。

(3)过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，如例句7。 　　

　　[语法剖析]

语法点一 过去分词作状语的句法功能 　　

　　过去分词作状语可以在句子中表示条件、原因、时间、伴随、方式、让步等。

　　1．作时间状语，可以转换为when, while或after 等引导的状语从句。

　　When completed (＝When it is completed), the library will be open to the public next year.

　　图书馆修建完工后，将于明年向公众开放。

　　Having been shown around (＝After we were shown around) the library, we came to the classroom building.

　　参观了图书馆后，我们来到了教学楼前。

　　2．作条件状语，可以转换为if, once或unless 等引导的状语从句。

　　United (＝ If we are united), we will stand; divided (＝ if we are divided), we will fall.

　　团结胜利，分裂失败。

　　3．作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because 等引导的状语从句。

　　Encouraged (＝As he is encouraged) by the progress he had made, he works harder.

　　由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

　　4．作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if 等引导的状语从句。

　　Exhausted (＝Although we were exhausted) by the climb, we continued our journey.

　　尽管爬山(之后)筋疲力尽，我们仍然继续我们的行程。

5．作方式状语，如果有连词as if，就转换为as if 引导的方式状语从句；若无连词则转换为并列结构。