M4U3 Tomorrow's world学案

Grammar and usage(被动语态)

第一部分：重点讲解

　　语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：

(1) John helped Peter.

(2) Peter was helped by John.

句(1) helped是主动态；句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。

构成

被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：

一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词

e.g. Football is played all over the world.

I'm often asked to do this work.

我常常被派做这项工作。

一般过去时：was/were +过去分词

e.g. The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi'an.

They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.

When was the building completed?

这座大楼什么时候建成的？

一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词

be going to + be + 过去分词

e.g. The result of the exam will be known soon.