Module 6 Unit 2 What is happiness to you

Word Power学案

I. Important words and expressions

1. injure vt. 受伤，伤害，损害

在车祸中伤了一只手臂injure an arm in a car accident

有两个人在车祸中受了伤。

There were two people injured in the car accident.

伤害某人的自尊心injure a man's pride

adj. injured 受伤的, 有伤的

n. injury 伤害, 损伤

区别wound, harm, hurt, injure：

1) wound常指在战争、暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。其名次仍为wound，指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。

2) harm 常用于口语，一般只作及物动词，表示"对......有害，损害"。其名词也为harm，只能用作不可数名词，意为"伤害，损害"。

3) hurt为一般用语，既可指肉体上的，也可指精神上的，还可指事故中的受伤。其名词也为hurt，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害、肉体上的伤害。

4) injure主要指在事故中受伤，其名词为injury，可指平时的大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。

用wound, harm, hurt, injure的正确形式填空：

1) She felt hurt at your words.

2) Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.

3) The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.

4) He was injured in the accident.

2. struggle vi. & n. 努力，奋斗，挣扎

struggle with/against 与......斗争、抗争

struggle for sth 努力争取

struggle to do sth 努力地做某事

carry on a struggle 进行斗争

take up a struggle 从事、参加斗争

a life-and-death struggle 你死我活的斗争

区别fight, stuggle, war, battle：

1) fight"战争，打架"，指"战斗、打架的动作"。

2) stuggle指较长时期的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体上、精神上的斗争。

3) war"战争"，指全面战争，包含多次。

4) battle"战役"，指大的、连续数小时或数天的战争。

用fight, stuggle, war, battle的正确形式或适当的介词填空：

1) We had two world wars in the last century.

2) They fought a bloody fight against the enemy.

3) We all should have confidence in ourselves in the struggle of life.

4) They had to struggle with/against terrible living conditions at that time.

5) He tried to struggle to his feet but failed.

6) Shona struggled for breath/success.

3. disability

able/unable adj. 能够的，有才干的，能干的/不能的，不会的

enable/disable vt. 使能够/使丧失能力

ability/disability n. [u]能力，本领；[c]才能/ [u]无能；[c]残疾

　disabled adj. 残疾的

用able的正确形式填空：

1) His disability prevents him from doing the job.

2) As his disease has disabled him, Hawking has to sit in his famous wheelchair and speak through a computer.

3) A little baby is unable to walk or talk.

4) He was disabled in the war.

4. in hospital

in hospital/in the hospital 住院/在医院里

in charge of/in the charge of 负责....../由......负责，在......掌管下

in possession of/in the possession of 拥有/为......所有

in office/in the office 在执政/在办公室

out of question/out of the question 毫无疑问/不可能

完成句子：

1) He has been in hospital for ten days after the operation.

2) He is looking after his sick wife in the hospital.

3) He was in charge of his daughter while his wife was out buying things.

4) --Can you help me?

--Out of the question. It's none of my business.

5) The party has been in office for ten years.

5. junior adj. 年幼的；初级的；地位（或职位等）低下的 n. 年幼的人；级别低的人；（美大学或中学的）三年级（学生）

junior high school（美）初级中学 junior school（英）小学

be （... years） sb's junior=be sb's junior （by...years）=be junior to sb (by ... years)小某人......岁

完成句子：

1) He will take part in the world Junior Tennis Championship.（世界青少年网球锦标赛）

2) 她比他小四岁。She is four years his junior/his junior by four years/junior to him by four years.

反义词：senior adj.年长的(父子兄弟同名时指年长者；上级的; 前辈的；地位高的 n. 年长者（附于姓名后，用来区别父子或兄弟）；（美大学或中学的）四年级（学生）

6. apart adv. 相隔，相距；除去；拆开；区别

apart from 远离......，和......不在一起；除外

know/tell...apart 识别，区别

take...apart 拆开，拆卸；痛斥

翻译句子：

我认为你分不清这兄弟俩。

I don't think you can tell the two brothers apart.

当他结婚后，他就不和父母一起住了。

When he got married, he lived apart from his parents.

男孩把玩具拆开了并且把随便扔得一地。

The boy took the toys apart and spread the bits all over the floor.

7. devote...to...

devote oneself to sb/sth 献身于，致力于

devote sth to sth 把......用于......

devote one's energy/life/time/attention to...

　把精力/生命/时间/注意力用在......

be devoted to... 献身于

adj. devoted 忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的

　They are devoted to their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。

　a devoted son/friend/fan 孝子；忠诚的朋友；狂热的崇拜者

8. rush vt.&vi. 迅速移动，急促；速送，（使）仓促行事，匆忙行事 n.急忙；仓促

完成句子：

(1) Don't rush me（别催我）! I need time to think about it.

(2) I have been rushing around all day（一整天都四下忙活） and trying to get everything done.

(3) After the accident, the injured were rushed to（被急送）the hospital.

(4) I don't like the rush of modern life(快节奏的现代生活) as everyone seems to be doing things in a rush(匆忙地，仓促地).

(5) The traffic on the streets during the rush hours(高峰期间) came to a standstill.

9. cheer vt.&vi. 欢呼，喝彩，加油；鼓励，鼓舞(usu. passive)

　The crowd cheered (the President) as his car drove slowly by.

　当总统的车子缓缓经过时，群众向他欢呼致意。

　She was cheered by the news from home.

　来自家里的消息使她受到鼓舞。

　A great cheer went up from the crowd.

　人群中爆发出一阵热烈的欢呼声。

cheer sb on （赛跑、比赛中）为（某人）加油，鼓劲

cheer (sb/sth) up （使）变得更高兴，（使）振奋起来

n. cheer 欢呼声，喝彩声 (cheers 干杯)

adj. cheerful 快乐的，高兴的，兴高采烈的；令人愉快的

adv. cheerfully

10. in good spirits=in high spirits 情绪高昂

in low/poor spirits 情绪低落

raise one's spirits 鼓舞某人的情绪

keep one's spirits up 保持精神头

one's spirits sink 情绪一下子低落了

注意：表示"精神状态，情绪"或"烈酒"时用spirits；spirit还有以下用法：

[u,c]精神，心灵

the human spirit to overcome difficulties 人类克服困难的精神

[sing]真实意义，实质

Obey the spirit, not the letter. 要依照精神实质，而不是字面意思。

[c]灵魂

他死了，但他的灵魂永存。He is dead, but his spirit lives on.

11. overcome vt.克服，战胜;[usu. passive]受到 ......的极大影响；压倒

overcome difficulties克服困难

overcome shortcomings克服缺点

她克服了开始时的羞涩之后，就变得非常友善。

After she'd overcome her initial shyness, she became very friendly.

决赛中法国队轻松战胜了瑞典队。

In the final, France easily overcame Sweden.

be overcome by fear被吓破胆

be overcome with joy喜出望外

be overcome with surprise大为吃惊

12. accomplish vt.完成，实现

accomplish one's object/mission/task/aim/journey/voyage

区别accomplish, finish, achieve, complete：

(1) accomplish 指成功地完成预期目标、任务等，通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时兼有达成（效果）之意。

(2) finish 多指日常事务地完成，强调事情了结、终止。

(3) achieve多指排除困难，完成宏伟计划或大业。

(4) complete强调事物完整地完成或终结。

n. accomplishment 成就，完成

13. adapt

adapt (oneself) to (使)适应

adapt A for B 为B改造/改编A

adapt from 根据......改编

adapt...as... 把......改写为......

这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。

This novel has been adapted for radio/as a radio programme from the Russian original.

她很快就适应了这种新气候。

She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.

14. inspire

inspire sb （to do sth） 鼓励某人（做某事）

inspire sb with sb/inspire sth in sb 使某人产生......

The good news inspired us with hope. 好消息让我们充满希望。

With the news inspiring, we all felt cheerful.

消息令人鼓舞，我们都很高兴。

adj. inspired/inspiring 受鼓舞的/鼓舞人心的，激励的

n. inspiration 灵感，启示；鼓舞

诗人与艺术家往往由自然得到灵感。

Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.

have a sudden inspiration 灵机一动

15. courage n.勇气(have the courage to do sth)

courageous adj.勇敢的，无畏的 adv. courageously

encourage vt.鼓励，激励

encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

encouragement n.

encouraging/encouraged adj.令人鼓舞的/受鼓舞的

discourage vt.阻止，阻拦

discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

discouragement n.泄气，灰心

discouraging/discouraged adj.令人泄气的，灰心的/泄气的，灰心的

16. admirable adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的

　admire vt.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

　　admire sb for sth 因为......而钦佩，羡慕某人

　admiration n.钦佩，赞赏；令人钦佩的人或事物

　　have great admiration for sb 十分钦佩某人

　　express admiration for sb 对某人表示钦佩

　　in admiration of 表示钦佩

　　with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地

　admiring adj.赞赏的，赞美的，羡慕的

　admirer

17. obey

obey a command/an order/rules/the law服从指挥/命令;遵守规章/法律

他对父母一向绝对服从。

He always obeys his parents without question.

遵守法律的人会得到尊敬。

Those who obey the law will be respected.

反义词：disobey 不服从，不遵守

18. arrange

　arrange sth整理，布置，排列，安排

　arrange (for sb) to do sth安排（某人）做某事

　arrange (with sb) to do sth（与某人）约定做某事

　arrange that sb (should) do sth商定，安排

n. arrangement(make an arrangement)

arranger

19. quit vt.&vi.停止，放弃；离开，迁出（quit-quit-quit/quit-quitted-quitted）

quit office离职

quit school退学

quit doing sth放弃做某事

be quit of sb/sth摆脱某人/某物

20. at that point 在那时，在那个阶段

point of view观点

to the point切题的，适当的

beside/off the point离题的，不相干的

on the point of doing正要做某事时

make a point of doing sth认为做某事重要或有必要

point at/to指向

point out指出

21. guarantee vt.保证,担保 n.保证,保证书；抵押物；保证人,担保人

guarantee sb sth (sth to sb)/to do sth/that...

guarantee sth against sth 承担（所购物品）的修理费

under guarantee 在保修期内

我们保证一天内送货。

We guarantee to deliver within one day.

We guarantee you delivery within one day.

We guarantee that we will deliver within one day.

对机械故障保修一年的钟

a clock guaranteed for one year against mechanical failure

22. assist vt.=help

assist sb with sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某事

assist sb in doing sth 在......方面给予某人帮助

n. assistance 帮助，协助

　assistance with sth/in doing sth/to do sth

　come to one's assistance 帮助某人

　technical/economic/military assistance 技术/经济/军事援助

n. assistant 助手，助理

23. instant adj.即时的，即刻的 n.片刻，瞬间

adv. instantly 立刻，立即，马上

注意：instantly与the instant可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as(还有immediately, the moment)

用instant的正确形式填空：

I'd like to have some instant coffee.

His voice is instantly recognized.

I recognized her instantly/the instant I saw her.

24. company [u]陪伴，交往；[c]公司

in company with 和......一起

keep sb company 陪伴某人

in the company of 在......的陪同下

enjoy/be glad of one's company 喜欢某人陪伴

companion [c]同伴，伙伴

accompany vt.陪伴；伴随；和......一起

accompany sb to ... /to do sth 陪某人去....../做某事

我留下来陪你。

I'll stay here and keep you company.

在老师的陪同下，他参加了英语演讲竞赛。

In the company of his teacher, he took part in the English Speech Contest.

她们互相陪伴五年了。

They have been in company with each other for five years.