Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
转化与派生
阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法
1.Her expression changed when she heard the news.
2.Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.
3.This information began to raise questions in her mind about Jack's innocence.
4.I don't think it's fair to question his motives just because he disagrees with you.
5.When you go through a forest,you are in danger.That's because there are lots of dangerous animals in it.
英语中的构词法有三种:转化、合成和派生。
转化:单词拼写不变,词性变化。如doubt,face等。
合成:由两词或多词合成另一个单词。如classroom,shopkeeper等。
派生:通过在一个词的词前加前缀或在一个词的词尾加后缀构成另一个单词。如impossible,helpful,highly等。
本单元主要讲解转化与派生这两种构词法。
一、转化
定义:不添加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。常见转化如下:
1.名词→动词
(1)许多表示事物的名词可以用作动词来表示动作。
This hall can seat two thousand people.
这座大厅能容纳两千人。
(2)一些表示身体部位的名词可用作动词。
Hand in your papers please.
请把你们的试卷交上来。
(3)一些表示某类人的名词可用作动词。