Unit 3 Life in the future grammar学案

过去分词

　　过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。

过去分词与现在分词作状语

　　过去分词表完成、被动，与主句主语之间是被动关系；现在分词表进行，主动，与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。

　　过去分词表完成、被动，作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因，让步，结果，方式，条件等。

观察下列的句子：

Once published, his works (=Once his works was published,) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.

PP作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

> 过去分词作时间状语

1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. =When heated, ice will be changed into water.

2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.

　=Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.

> 过去分词作原因状语

1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.

　=Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.

2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

=Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

> 过去分词作条件或者假设状语

1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

　=Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.

　=Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.

> 作方式或伴随情况状语

1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.

=The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.

2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. =She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.

　lost表示一种迷失心理状态

总结：

1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等；