过去完成时

【归纳】

一、构成

　　肯定式为"had +过去分词"；否定式为"had not +过去分词"。

二、用法

1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成的动作或状态。如：

By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.

The film had already begun by the time we got to the cinema.

He said that he had been in China for over ten years.

注意：过去的时间有时由时间状语表示出来（如上例），但在更多的情况下时间都由上下文表示出来。如：

We weren't hungry. We'd just had lunch.

The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks.

2. 常可使用过去完成时的情况如下：

(1)用于宾语从句（特别是在间接引语中）。 如：

Jack told me he had read the book before.

At first I thought I'd done the right thing, but soon I realized that I'd made a serious mistake.

(2)用于状语从句。如：

Betty didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film.

(3)用于定语从句。如：

Peter, who had waited for an hour, was very angry when his sister came up.

(4)用于hope, intend, mean, think, plan, suppose等动词，表示本来要做而没做或无法做的事，或没有实现的希望或意图。 如：

Bill had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuaded him to stay on for a few more years.

I had thought about flying to Rome, but all the flights were booked up.

(5)在"It / This / That was + the first / second / ... + time + that从句" 句型中，从句谓语常用过去完成时。如：

It was the first time that I had made such a mistake.