牛津版高一英语 模块3 第三单元 词语辨析

　1．如何"组成"

　　　make up of consist of

在意义上，两个词都有组成，构成之意。 但表示由.....组成时，一般用be made up of.....

例如：

A family is made up of a group of people related by blood or marriage.(被动语态)

　　　家庭是由有血缘或婚姻关系的一群人组成的。

注意：如果用consist of 这个词组，不能用被动的形式，只能用于主动语态

A family consists of a group of people related by blood or marriage. (主动语态)

即学即练：

　a）The school ＿＿＿ one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen.

　b）Words are ________ sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words

Suggested answers: a) consists of / is made up of b) made up of

2．增加多多。。。

Raise rise lift

这三个单词都有都含有"升高""增加"之意。但用法不同。

1) 从语态上讲，raise为规则变化的及物动词(其后跟宾语), 其过去式，过去分词都是raised.可译作"举起"、"提高""扶起"。raise强调抬高动作的姿势，如：抬头、举手（raise one's hand）、举重物、升旗（raise flag）；提高声音，物价（raise prices），生活水平（raise the people's living standards）。

例如：

She raises her voice in anger. 由于愤怒，她提高了嗓门。

The workers wanted to have their pay raised. 工人们要求加薪。

2）从语态上讲，rise是个不规则变化的且是不及物动词,过去式为rose，过去分词为risen。可译作"上升"、"升起",用于上升的场合。不可用于被动语态。如：日、月、云、雾、烟、热气；物价、河水、温度计；起立、起床与起义,皆由rise 升上去。

例如：

Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement. 由于激动，她的声音越来越大

The sun rises red in the east. . 太阳从东方升起，红彤彤的。

The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother.

=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.

那小孩从地上爬起来，朝他妈妈跑去

3）lift是指用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度。例如：

　　The box is too heavy for me to lift . 这个箱子太重，我举不起来。

注意：raise 在本单元中，表示饲养，抚养。如：

　raise cattle. 饲养家畜 ；raise children.抚养孩子

即学即练：

a）They climbed up onto the top of the ship to ____themselves so as to watch the sun which was_______ in the east.