语法点一 宾语补足语 宾语补足语(Object Complement)放在宾语后面,用来补充说明宾语所表示人或事物所发出的动作,或者说明宾语的状态、特性、身份等。宾语补足语可以由不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、名词、代词、形容词、介词短语或副词充当。
(一)使役动词后宾语补足语的用法
常见的使役动词有:make, have, get, leave, keep。它们都表示"使得",后面可接"宾语+宾语补足语"结构,但用法上有所不同。
1.make用作使役动词表示"使;使成为"时,可跟复合结构,即"make+宾语+宾语补足语",其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。
A good friend is a person who makes you happy.
好朋友是一个使你快乐的人。(形容词作宾补)
We made her monitor of our class.
我们选她做班长。(名词作宾补)
However, several things combined to make me change my mind.
然而有好几件事凑在一起,使我改变了主意。(不定式作宾补)
I had to raise my voice to make myself heard over the loud noise.
在嘈杂声中我只好提高声音以便别人听清我说的话。(过去分词作宾补)
[名师点津] 当省略to的不定式作make的宾语补足语,变为被动语态时一定要加上to。
The boy often makes his little sister cry, but he was made to cry just now.
那个男孩常常惹得他小妹妹哭,但是刚才他被惹哭了。
2.have表示"使得......",其后接宾语补足语,常用以下句型:
(1)have sb.do sth.使/让某人做某事
(2)have sth.doing sth.使/让某物一直做某事
(3)have sth.done使/让某事被做;遭遇某种不幸
We must have the work finished by 10 o'clock.
我们必须在10点钟之前把工作做完。
The old man always has his radio playing at home.
这位老人在家总是开着收音机。
I had my wallet stolen at the supermarket.
我的钱包在超市被偷走了。
[名师点津] get的类似用法:
get sb.to do sth. 让某人做某事
get (= have) sth.done 使某事被做
get sth.doing 使某事物......起来
Get Tom to buy some fruit.
叫汤姆去买些水果。
I can't get the car starting.
我发动不起车来。
3.leave作使役动词,表示"使/让......保持某种状态"。
可用形容词、名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。
You'd better leave the livingroom door closed.
你最好关着起居室的门。
His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan.
他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。
They walked off and left me sitting there alone.
他们走开了,让我一个人一直坐在那儿。
Please excuse me if I have left any of the questions unanswered.
如果我留下了任何未回答的问题,请多多原谅。
[名师点津] leave用作使役动词,常表示"发生某种状况后,使......保持/处于某种