四、语法详解
分词
1.分词可分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
The girl standing there is my sister.(定语)
站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
We lived in a room facing south.(定语)
我们住在一间朝南的房间里。
The news was disappointing.(表语)
那个消息令人失望。
The story sounds interesting.(表语)
那故事听起来很有趣。
Being ill, she didn't go to school today.(状语)
她今天生病了,所以没来上学。
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.(状语)
听到这个好消息,他高兴地跳了起来。
They kept me waiting for a long time.(宾补)
他们让我等了很久。
We heard him singing in his room.(宾补)
我们听见他在房间里唱歌。
Better late than never.迟做总比不做好。
2.过去分词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征,可以带宾语或被状语修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
(过去分词作定语,表示动作的完成)。
地上有许多落叶。
This is a book written by a doctor.
(过去分词作定语表被动)
这是一位医生写的书。
The door remained locked.(表语)
门仍然锁着。
He looked very excited.(表语)
他看起来很兴奋。
I must get my bike repaired.(宾补)
我必须请人修理自行车。
He was trying to make himself understood.(宾补)
他努力想让别人听懂他的话。
Mr Green, deeply moved, thanked us again and again.(状语)
格林先生深为感动,一再向我们表示感谢。
Heated, water turns into steam.(状语)
水加热时变成水蒸气。
3.需要注意的几个问题:
(1)现在分词有自己的被动时和完成时。
Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean