[语法初识]

原句感知 自主探究 ①Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.

②They call it Anti­Arktikos or Antarctica.

③98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.

④To learn a foreign language well is not easy.

⑤Swimming is a good exercise.

⑥Whether he will come is doubtful.

⑦I hope to see you soon.

⑧He came in and sat down.

⑨The student went pale when he saw the teacher.

⑩I can easily tell my father's step.

⑪We hadn't walked far when we lost our way. (1)①～⑥句中的黑体部分在句中均作主语。

(2)由④⑤⑥句可知，不定式、动名词、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用单数形式。

(3)由⑦～⑪可知，黑体部分均为动词，⑦～⑧句中的黑体部分可直接作谓语，而⑨～⑪句中黑体部分不能单独作谓语。 　　

　　[语法剖析]

语法点一 主　语

　　1. 主语：主语是句子动作的发出者，是句子叙述的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是"谁"或"什么"。

　　2. 主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。通常位于谓语动词前。

　　Many people died during famines every year before liberation.

　　解放前每年有许多人在饥荒中死亡。(名词作主语)

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