[语法初识]

原句感知 自主探究 ①By the time the tornado ended，more than 700 people had been killed.

②Coghlan travelled back to Canada - after he had been buried in Texas!

③She says, "Tom was very kind."

→She says that Tom was very kind.

④He asked，"Will you go to the party？"

→He asked whether/if I would go to the party.

⑤She asked me，"When do they have their dinner？"

→She asked me when they had their dinner.

⑥The teacher said, "About 70 % of the earth's surface is covered with water."

→The teacher said that about 70 % of the earth's surface is covered with water. 1.句①②采取了过去完成时的被动语态，形式是：had been done。

2．句③④⑤均为直接引语变间接引语的句子，在变间接引语时，人称、时态、语序等方面都要作相应的变化。

3．由⑥句可知，若直接引语为客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。 　　

　　[语法剖析]

语法点一 过去完成时的被动语态 　　

　　过去完成时的被动式形式是：had been done，常用于以下情况：

　　1．表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。

　　200 cars had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底，我们已经生产了200辆汽车。