Period Three Grammar & Writing
一、非限制性定语从句
与限制性定语从句相比较,非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切,只对主句中的先行词作补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。
1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who,whom和whose;指物时用which。
This is our headmaster,who I think has something important to tell you.
这是我们的校长,我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。
My elder sister has become a doctor,which I wanted to be.
我大姐成了一名医生,我原来也想做一名医生的。
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时,关系副词用when;指地点时用where。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried in 1977.
卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年,1977年他被安葬在那里。
He left his hometown in 1992,when he was only 12 years old.
他于1992年离开家乡,当时他只有12岁。
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处,主要有以下几点:
(1)引导词不同:关系代词that,关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切,中间用逗号隔开,译成汉语时,通常译成两句话;而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。
I have two foreign teachers,both of whom are from America.
我有两个外教,他们都来自美国。
The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.
美国来的那位外教教我们文学。
(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可省略。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.
这正是我们正谈论的那个人。
This is the man,whom we talked about just now.