(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
Father will not allow us to play in the street.
父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语:
一感 (feel),二听(hear, listen to),三使(let,have, make),五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at),半帮助 (help),但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in. (主动语态)
没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
5.作定语
(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。
[特别注意] 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。
(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
[特别注意] 不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动含义;若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动含义。
She has a sister to look after.
她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)