All You Need to Know About Hip Hop①

　　Part 1

　　What is hip hop and how did it start?

　　Hip hop is an American cultural movement② which started in the 1970s③ at block parties④in New York⑤， especially⑥ in a district called the Bronx⑦. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance⑧ and graffiti⑨ art plus⑩ two types of hip hop music - DJ­ing and rapping⑪. Rapping is also known as MC­ing⑫ (coming from the term master of ceremonies). The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music⑬ and they noticed that people preferred the percussion⑭ breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to⑮. So they started repeating the percussion breaks. This is a technique⑯ used by DJs in Jamaica⑰. There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who brought the idea with them⑱. At first, they played a lot of reggae⑲. 　　①hip hop嬉蹦乐　②movement /'muːvmənt/ n．运动

　　③in the 1970s在20世纪70年代

　　也可以用in the 1970's表示。

　　④at block parties在街区舞会上

　　⑤which引导定语从句，修饰an American cultural movement。

　　⑥especially adv.尤其

　　⑦过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰district。

　　⑧breakdance n．霹雳舞

　　⑨graffiti /grə'fiːti/ n．涂鸦；乱涂乱抹

　　⑩plus prep.并且，和(＝and also)

　　⑪DJ­ing and rapping流行音乐和说唱乐

　　⑫MC­ing /ˌem'siːIŋ/ n．司仪；节目主持

　　⑬soul music灵乐　⑭percussion /pə'kʌʃn/ n．打击乐器

　　⑮dance to伴着......跳舞　dance to music伴着音乐跳舞

　　⑯technique /tek'niːk/ n．技巧；手法

　　⑰过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰technique。

　　⑱who引导定语从句，修饰Jamaicans。

　　⑲reggae /'regeI/ n．雷盖 　　

　　你需要了解的所有有关嬉蹦乐的知识

　　[第一部分]

　　什么是嬉蹦乐？嬉蹦乐是怎样开始的？

　　嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20世纪70年代纽约的街区舞会，特别是布朗克斯区。嬉蹦乐包含四个主要方面：霹雳舞、涂鸦艺术和另外两种嬉蹦乐音乐--流行音乐和说唱乐。说唱乐也被称为节目主持(源于master of ceremonies这个词语)。20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐主持人播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐最适合跳舞。于是，他们开始重复播放这些打击乐。这是牙买加音乐主持人使用的一种技艺。纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念。起初，他们播放许多雷盖音乐。

Part 2

What was the big breakthrough⑳？

　　DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time\s\up1(21(21)， noticed that New York audiences\s\up1(22(22) didn't really like reggae music, so he started playing other kinds of music, including\s\up1(23(23) rock and disco music\s\up1(24(24). The percussion breaks were usually short, but Herc and other DJs made them longer\s\up1(25(25) by using two records on two turntables\s\up1(26(26)， side by side\s\up1(27(27). Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while\s\up1(28(28) the music played. Shouting DJs became known as MCs. And so the style of music known as rap was born.

　　At the beginning\s\up1(29(29)， MCs often performed for hours, \s\up1(30(30)repeating words and phrases and then improvising\s\up1(31(31). Later, they experimented with\s\up1(32(32) different vocal\s\up1(33(33) and rhythmic\s\up1(34(34) approaches\s\up1(35(35)， using rhyming words\s\up1(36(36)， often words from African­American culture. At the same time\s\up1(37(37)， people started break­dancing at block parties.

　　MC Dark Star remembers the first time\s\up1(38(38) he heard a rap singer. "The moment I heard it\s\up1(39(39)"， he said, "I knew it was a completely new kind of music." 　　⑳breakthrough n．突破　make a breakthrough取得突破

　　\s\up1(21(21)at the time在那时，当时

　　\s\up1(22(22)audience n．听众，观众(集合名词)

　　\s\up1(23(23)including prep.包括　including A＝A included

　　\s\up1(24(24)rock and disco music 摇滚乐和迪斯科音乐

　　\s\up1(25(25)made them longer使它们(播放时间)更长

　　此处为"make＋宾语＋adj."结构

　　\s\up1(26(26)turntable /'tɜːnˌteIbl/ n．(唱机的)转盘；唱盘

　　\s\up1(27(27)side by side并排；并肩

　　shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地

　　\s\up1(28(28)while意为"在......的过程中"，引导时间状语从句。

　　\s\up1(29(29)at the beginning起初

　　\s\up1(30(30)repeating words and ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

　　\s\up1(31(31)improvise /'ImprəˌvaIz/ v．即兴演奏；即兴表演

　　\s\up1(32(32)experiment with尝试

　　\s\up1(33(33)vocal /'vəʊkl/ adj.嗓音的；与嗓音有关的

　　\s\up1(34(34)rhythmic /'rIðmIk/ adj.有节奏的

　　rhythm /'rIðəm/ n．节律；节奏；律动

　　to the rhythm of随着......的节奏

　　\s\up1(35(35)approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ n．方法；步骤

　　\s\up1(36(36)using rhyming words是现在分词短语作方式状语。

　　\s\up1(37(37)at the same time在此期间，与此同时

　　\s\up1(38(38)the first time第一次，其后的定语从句省略了that。

　　\s\up1(39(39)the moment I heard it是时间状语从句。the moment/minute/instant/second＝as soon as一......就......，引导时间状语从句。