choose the word disappointing. It is also used as predicative.

S: I choose the word relaxing in the third group, because it is used after a preposition as an object. And in the fourth group, I choose studying, because after the verb prefer, we use a gerund as the object.

S: In the fifth group, we need to choose a word as attribute to describe voice. There is no passive meaning between sing and voice, so I choose singing.

S: I choose interested in the sixth group.

S: I choose showing in group seven and astonishing in group eight. Showing is used as adverbial. When we use a participle as adverbial, we must remember that the logical subject of the participle must refer to the same person or thing with the main clause.

T: Very good. The answers are all correct. Now let's summarize the uses of participles and gerunds.

Then the teacher summarizes the usage of participles and gerunds as follows.

The usage of participles:

1) Participles used as adverbial. When we use a participle as adverbial, we must make sure that the logical subject of the participle must be the same with the subject of the main clause. A present participle has an active meaning, while a past participle can express a passive meaning.

　e.g. They came into the classroom, talking and

laughing.

The old man came in, supported by his son.

2) Participles used as attribute. We can use a single participle before a noun, while we put a participle phrase after a noun.

　e.g. He picked up a wallet containing 200 yuan.

We find a fallen tree on the river bank.

3) Participles used as predicative. If the participle is used to describe a certain feeling of a person, we usually choose a past participle. If the participle is used to describe the feature of something, we usually choose a present participle.

e.g. This film is very moving.