He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.他对他的敌手所犯的错误，总是加以充分利用。

(同义make (full) use of / make the best of)

5. far from

　e.g. Your work is far from (being) (=is not at all) satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。

The newspaper accounts are far from being true.

报纸的报道远非事实。（有许多地方不正确）

　　　Far from (=instead of) admiring his paintings, I dislike them intensely.

　　　我不但不钦佩反而十分讨厌他的画。

Ⅱ. 重点句子

1． It developed in the churches that black people went to.

它是在黑人常去的教堂里诞生的。

that 引导一个定语从句，修饰之前的名词churches，go to church(es)去教堂，注意不要掉了介词to。

e.g. This is the park that her mother used to take her to when she was a girl.

这是那个在她童年时母亲常带她去的公园。

2．Blues is a type of music which started as songs sung by African Americans while they were working. 布鲁斯是一种最早始于非裔美国人劳动时所唱的歌曲。

which 引导定语从句，修饰music, sung by ...是过去分词短语，修饰songs， while引导时间状语从句，"当......时"。

e.g. While the wife was cooking in the kitchen, the husband was reading in the garden.

妻子在厨房做饭，丈夫在花园读书。

while还可以表示"对比"

e.g. I was talking about my daughter while she thought I was talking about hers.

我在谈论我的女儿，而她以为我在谈她的女儿。

while 表示"虽然"

While I don't have much in common with him, we are friends.