the -ing form as the adverbial

the -ing form作状语表示主语在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。这时要注意the -ing form与其逻辑主语在时态和意义上的统一。

Rushing out of the room, he was knocked down by a car.（adverbial of time）

=When he rushed out of the room, he was knocked down by a car.

Working harder, you will pass the entrance exam.（adverbial of condition）

=If you work harder, you will pass the entrance exam.

She sat at a window, reading a book.（作伴随状语）

=She sat at a window and read a book.

Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.（adverbial of reason）

=Because he had won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.

Even if taking a taxi, I will still be late for the meeting.（作让步状语）

=Even if I take a taxi, I will still be late for the meeting.

The road is under construction, thus causing the delay.（adverbial of result）

=The road is under construction, and thus caused the delay.

Note: 当the -ing form作让步状语时，一般放在句首，常常由although, though, even if ,unless等连词引入；作结果状语时，一般放在句末，前面可so, thus, hence。 5. Doing exercises for consolidation

1. The secretary worked late into the night, ___ a long speech for the president. (1991NMET)

　A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

2. ______ a reply, he decided to write again. (1992NMET)

　A. Not receiving B. Receiving C. Not having received D. Having not received

3. "Can't you read?" Mary said ___ to the notice. (1993NMET)

　A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (1994NMET)