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项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to,

used to,have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。

Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates.

Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示：

It is believed that... It is generally considered that... It is said that...

It is well known that... It must be pointed out that... It is supposed that...

It is reported that... It must be admitted that... It is hoped that... 被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）：He was scolded by the English teacher.

2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.

　使用这种结构不能带有"by＋施动者"

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。

　She lent me a bike.被动：①I was lent a bike(by her). ②A bike was lent to me(by her).

4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

　These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.

　The murderer was ordered to be shot. 下面主动形式常表示被动意义

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash等。

　This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。 These books sell well.这些书好卖。

　The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。 Meat won't keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。

　The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。

　The apples taste good. The flower smells wonderful.

　The news proved/turned out true. Cotton feels soft. 不可变为被动语态的几种情况

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.

因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.

因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。 含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢

Much attention must be paid to your handwriting.

特别注意以下句子的结构：Every minute must be made full use of to study Englsih. 下面词或短语没有被动态：

leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等