1.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。动作虽然发生在过去,但落脚点在现在。
I've forgotten his telephone number.
我忘记了他的电话号码。(没法联系他了)
I haven't finished reading this book yet,so I can't return it to the library.
这本书我还没有看完,所以不能把它还给图书馆。
(2)表示动作或状态从过去某时开始一直延续到现在,并可能延续下去。常与so far,by now,up to now,since,for a long time,up till now,in the past/last few years等表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has worked here for twenty years by now.
到现在为止,他已经在这儿工作20年了。
Up to now,we have received no letters from her.
到现在为止,我们没有收到她一封信。
[名师点津]
(1)该用法中的动词多是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词或趋向动词。
(2)非延续性动词用于否定句可以表示否定的状态,故可以用来表示状态的持续。
(3)由since引导的时间状语中,since后面的时间名词必须是"时间点",而不能是"时间段";而for短语中的时间名词必须是"时间段"(有时for可省去)。
I've known him since 1980.
我从1980年就认识他了。
I have learnt English (for) many years.
我学英语已很多年了。
[即时演练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The price has gone (go)down,but I'm not sure whether it will remain so.
②All the windows have been painted (paint),and they look new.
③I have read (read)many reports about the UFO recently.