他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。
5.让步状语
可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。
Knowing all this(=Although they knew all this),they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。
Having made up my mind(=Though I had made up my mind),I still wanted to play.
尽管我已下定决心,我仍然想玩。
6.方式或伴随状语
不可以转换成从句,但可以转换成并列句。
The girls came into the classroom,singing and dancing(=and they sang and danced).
女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。
He lay on the grass,staring at the sky for a long time(=and stared at the sky for a long time).
他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很长时间。
三、动词ing形式作状语的注意事项
1.逻辑主语
动词ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语,它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
Being ill,he didn't attend the wedding.
因为生病,他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)
2.独立结构
有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语,这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的,因此又叫独立主格结构,其构成形式是"名词/代词+v.ing"。
She being ill,her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了,母亲不得不在家照顾她。
The meeting being over,we went to play football.
会议一结束,我们就去踢足球了。
3.独立成分作状语
有些动词ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,表明说话者的态度、观点等,被称为评论性状语。常见的有:
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly speaking 严格说来
judging from/by 根据......来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration 考虑到
supposing 假设;如果
providing 如果
assuming 假使