Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States a nd East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face，while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.

The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception(感知），attention, and reasoning in the offline world.

"We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia"，said Park.

The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the US both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.

" Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics，private thoughts，and social behaviors，" noted Huang. " As such，the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform. "

1. The underlined word ''condition" in the first paragraph probably means _______.

A. advise　　　　B. instruct　　　　C. shape　　　　D. forbid

2. We can know from the passage that Mongolians probably emphasize________.

A. cultural influences　　　　B. social behaviors