1.Not many people heard the speech

=Very few people heard the speech.

2.Not all he said was to the point.

3.I can't see everybody.

4.I don't wholly agree with you.

1.not+many/much/very much/some/a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities.

2.not+all/both/each/everybody/everything

3.以一般否定句的形式出现，即把否定主语的 not与谓语动词放在一起。

部分否定

含有总括含义的词,用于否定句时,只否定一部分，而不是完全否定.如all, everybody everything, always, both, wholly 等词与not连用时,在汉语中译为

"不全是"

"不总是"等.

Part 4

Examples Structures Types conclusions 1.I wonder whether/if I shouldn't bring an umbrella.

=I wonder whether/if I should bring an umbrella.

2.I wouldn't be surprised if they didn't move soon.

=.I wouldn't be surprised if they moved soon

主句+ whether/if引导的否定陈述

if从句中的附加否定

将否定词和whether

/if连用,来表达对于某种情况的疑虑, 常用于口语中.

I wonder whether/if ...

一般用于表达个人的决定

I wouldn't be surprised if...

一般不用于表达个人的决定

Part 5

Examples Structures Types conclusions 1. Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.

2.The classis are far from disappearing.

3.Pip's sister seldom has a kind word to say

4..Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.

5.The fortune sets him free from financial worries.

6.Joe would rather die than see any harm come

to pip.

隐性否定是一种有意无形的含蓄否定,常用含否定词的单词,词组,句型等来表示否定意义.这种否定意义用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中.

隐性否定

含有否定意义的词汇与结构

1.动词及短语动词：

fail (+to do.), miss, ignore

prevent/keep/ protect ..．from等2.名词:absence, failure, refusal等

3.形容词:few, little, free (from), far from等

4.副词:hardly, seldom等

5.介词： above, beneath, below, out (of) 等

6.连词：unless, before, or 等

7.结构:

too...to 太...(以致于)不 　　

rather...than "宁愿...而不"等