Unit 4 body language grammar学案
[语法初识]
原句感知 自主探究 ①... I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.
③She stepped back appearing surprised ...
④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.
⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door ...
⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.
⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.
⑧Hearing the news, they immediately set off.
⑨Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while. (1)动词ing形式在句中可作伴随状语(句①、②、③、④、⑤),时间状语(句⑥),结果状语(句⑦),原因状语(句⑧、⑨)。
(2)若动词ing短语为一般式,表示动作与谓语动词同时发生(句⑧);若动词ing短语为完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前(句⑨)。
(3)动词ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语(句①~⑨)。
[语法剖析]
语法点一 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1.作时间状语
现在分词作时间状语时,常放在句首,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise, I turned round.
=When I heard the noise, I turned round.
听到响声我转过身去。
2.作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句,也可以放在句首。
Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.
=Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.
由于贫穷,他买不起一台电视机。
3.作条件状语
现在分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll certainly succeed.
= If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed.
只要努力学习,你肯定会成功的。
4.作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。
[点津] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。试比较:
He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.